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Leila Vahedi; Leila Zolikhaei sayyar; Mehrdad Pouya
Abstract
Drought and flood are the consequences of climate change. However, establishing public participation through water cooperatives is one of the most important recent measures in the face of climate change. The purpose of this research was to analyze some mechanisms affecting the sustainable development ...
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Drought and flood are the consequences of climate change. However, establishing public participation through water cooperatives is one of the most important recent measures in the face of climate change. The purpose of this research was to analyze some mechanisms affecting the sustainable development of water cooperatives thru a case study of Dehestan-e Satar, Songhor and Kolyayi County. This quantitative applied research was a survey in terms of method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the theoretical framework and a review of the related literature. The reliability of the questionnaire was checked and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, after using the opinions of the experts of the Kermanshah Province Jihad-e Agriculture Organization plus the board members of water users cooperatives to secure its validity. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the hypotheses and analyze the data. For this purpose, Smart PLS3 and SPSS23 software were used. The statistical population of the research were all the members of the water users cooperatives in Satar Plain whose total population was 472 people. The sample participants (n=211) were selected through stratified sampling method and using the Cochran's formula. According to the results of the path analysis and research hypothesis testing, legal mechanisms with the path coefficient of (β=0.257) had a positive and significant effect on the sustainable development of the cooperatives. Also, the results showed that educational mechanisms (β=0.233), support mechanisms (β=0.214), relational mechanisms (β=0.203), and policy-making mechanisms (β = 0.147) had a positive and significant effect on the sustainable development of Dehestan-e Satar Water Users Cooperative.
2
Faranak Baradaran-Hazaveh; Hossein Babazadeh; Ebrahim Amiri; Hossain ebrahimi
Abstract
Pulses have a special position, after wheat and rice, in the Iranian people diet. The growth of these plants is very fast and water stress has an important effect on their yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the DSSAT Model in simulating the growth and yield of cowpea under different levels ...
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Pulses have a special position, after wheat and rice, in the Iranian people diet. The growth of these plants is very fast and water stress has an important effect on their yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the DSSAT Model in simulating the growth and yield of cowpea under different levels of irrigation water. An experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in Kiashahr City, Iran, in the crop seasons of 2017 and 2018. The main treatments included irrigation with management of 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, and 120% of plant water requirement and the three sub-treatments included irrigation at vegetative or reproductive stages, and full irrigation. In this experiment, the DSSAT simulation model was used to evaluate water efficiency and water balance components. Evaluation of simulated and measured values of grain yield was performed using the parameters of coefficient of determination, t-test, root mean square error (RMSE) and root mean square normalized error (nRMSE). The results showed that the difference between the predicted grain yield and the observed values was acceptable (RMSE=92 and nRMSE = 12.62%). Total biomass was also well simulated (RMSE=130 and nRMSE = 5.91%). Using the measured grain yield and water balance components simulated from the DSSAT model, the water productivity based on evapotranspiration (WPET) was about 33% lower than that based on transpiration (WPT). According to the results, irrigation with 100% water requirement at both vegetative and reproductive stages resulted in the highest transpiration (383mm), and was selected as the optimum irrigation management during the growing season.
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saeid ghavamsaeidi noghabi; ali shahidi; Hossin Homami
Abstract
Determination of crop water requirement is of great importance in irrigation planning and effective management of water in agriculture. In this regard, lysimeters are used to measure water input and output and water balance method. Therefore, this research was carried out to determine the water requirement ...
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Determination of crop water requirement is of great importance in irrigation planning and effective management of water in agriculture. In this regard, lysimeters are used to measure water input and output and water balance method. Therefore, this research was carried out to determine the water requirement of Cannabis sativa L. in 2017 at the Faculty of Agriculture of Birjand University. For this purpose, six weighing lysimeters were used and cannabis water requirement was calculated using the water balance equation. Three lysimeters were planted to grass (12 cm height) as the reference crop, and in the other three lysimeters the cannabis plant was cultivated. Based on the results of the water balance equation, the evapotranspiration potentials of the reference plant and cannabis were 899.6 and 688.89 mm, respectively. The length of different stages of plant growth, including the initial, development, middle and end stages, was 30, 55, 75, and 20 days, respectively. Also, the cannabis crop coefficient values in the four stages of plant growth were 0.28, 0.68, 1.01 and 0.54, respectively. These values are recommended for estimating the water requirement and irrigation management of cannabis.
sadegh rahmani; masoud yazdanpanah; masoumeh forouzani; abas abdeshahi
Abstract
Water resources scarcity and increasing pollution and the rapid increase in water demand due to population growth and higher livelihood standards along with climate change have created a widespread scope for water crisis in Iran and the world. Accordingly, water in agricultural production has ...
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Water resources scarcity and increasing pollution and the rapid increase in water demand due to population growth and higher livelihood standards along with climate change have created a widespread scope for water crisis in Iran and the world. Accordingly, water in agricultural production has become a limiting factor. Hence, farmers have adopted various strategies to reduce the effects of water scarcity in their agricultural practices. The purpose of this survey was to investigate farmers' beliefs and adaptation strategies for managing agricultural water under conditions of water scarcity and effective factors in selection of farmers' adaptation methods in Mamassani County of Fars province. The statistical population of this study was 4033 irrigated farmers. In order to select the sample, a random-quota sampling method was used. A sample of 351 farmers was selected based on the Krejcie and Morgan's table. The results of the study showed that the farms distance to the city center, agricultural experience, awareness of the consequences of danger, sense of commitment, risk taking, and access to credit could explain 42.2% of farmers' changing beliefs about water scarcity. Regression results of the factors influencing the selection of adaptation strategies showed that variables of farm size, intention for water conservation, risk salience, and social capital could predict 27% of the variability of adaptation strategies.
Gholamhossein Abdollahzadeh; Leila Jahangir; mohammadreza mahboobi; vahab ghezel
Abstract
One of the main components of sustainable water management is attraction of farmers’ participation in management and maintenance of water networks. Moreover, attraction of farmers’ participation in the process of planning, designing, building, and exploitation of the projects (based ...
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One of the main components of sustainable water management is attraction of farmers’ participation in management and maintenance of water networks. Moreover, attraction of farmers’ participation in the process of planning, designing, building, and exploitation of the projects (based on popular organizations and groups) can impact optimal water management. The purpose of this case study was to investigate the effect of participatory management on optimal water use in Payvand Production Cooperative of Aqqala County, Golestan province, Iran. Survey method and questionnaire was used to collect the required data. Target population included 400 farmers of cooperative members in 7 villages with participatory irrigation management project in Aqqala County. Using Cochran formula, 196 farmers were selected with random sampling method. Validity of research questionnaires was confirmed based on view of experts and its reliability was verified by calculation of Cronbache's alpha coefficients for scale of optimal management, (0.8) satisfaction of project, (0.77) participatory project management, (0.83) and awareness of the current situation (0.73). The comparison of the optimal water management, before and after the implementation of the project by using of Wilcoxon test showed that there was significant difference in means ranking. The result of path analysis showed that the highest impact on final dependent variables of optimal water management was related to “awareness of the present situation of irrigation system”. The variables of level of participation and satisfaction with implementation of the project, background of membership in the cooperative, access to farm road, type of irrigation method, and education were in the next ranks, respectively. In contrast, having a second job had negative effect on optimal water management.
a gh; m kh; p sh; h z
Abstract
In areas facing water shortage, increasing water productivity is the key to overcome the greatest challenge in the agricultural sector. The present field experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation water depths and salinity of magnetized and non-magnetized water on grain yield, biomass, ...
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In areas facing water shortage, increasing water productivity is the key to overcome the greatest challenge in the agricultural sector. The present field experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation water depths and salinity of magnetized and non-magnetized water on grain yield, biomass, height, protein, and oil content of soybean variety DPX. The experiment was performed as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Aliabad, Golestan province, in 2013. The treatments consisted of three levels of water volume (100%, 75% and 50% of soybean water requirement) and three salinity levels (0.7, 5, and 10 dS/m). The results showed that magnetized water caused irrigation water quality to be improved. Therefore, magnetization of irrigation water resulted in the highly significant increase in the grain yield, biomass, height, protein, and oil content of plant under water deficit and salinity stress treatments (p < 0.001). The average decrease of yield in water salinity of 5 dS/m was equal to 8.44 percent, and for water salinity of 10 dS/m was equal to 24.68 percent as compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the average decrease of yield in 75% irrigation level was equal to 30.68 percent, and for 50% irrigation level was equal to 44.40 percent as compared to the control treatment. In general, the highest grain yield was 5.5 tons per hectare for plants treated with magnetized water and provision of 100% crop water requirement.
a darzi; m mirlatifi; a shahnazari; f ejlali; m mahdian
Abstract
Proper water management in paddy fields is the most important operations that plays a fundamental role in the usefulness of other inputs in rice cultivation. Construction of drainage systems is very essential for improving water management in paddy fields. The effect of different drainage systems including ...
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Proper water management in paddy fields is the most important operations that plays a fundamental role in the usefulness of other inputs in rice cultivation. Construction of drainage systems is very essential for improving water management in paddy fields. The effect of different drainage systems including three conventional subsurface drainage systems, a bi-level subsurface drainage system, and surface drainage system on the yield of Tarom rice cultivar were compared at the improved and consolidated paddy fields of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments. At the harvesting time, some crop indices such as plant height, flag leaf length, main panicle length, tillering number, number of lateral branches of the main panicle, straw yield, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index were determined. Statistical analysisrevealed that many of the determined indices in subsurface drainage treatments were significantly different than those of the control treatment. The grain yield of subsurface drainage treatments was 0.91-1.65 t/ha greater than that of surface drainage treatment. The maximum tillering number, plant height, grain yield, and straw yield belonged to the bi-level drainage plots, while surface drainage treatment had the lowest values for these parameters.