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Mahmood Fazli; Ahmad Zare; Abdolreza Siahpoosha; Elham Elahifard
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different irrigation systems and weed control treatments on quantitative and qualitative yield of sugarcane and weeds biomass, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2020 at Sugarcane ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different irrigation systems and weed control treatments on quantitative and qualitative yield of sugarcane and weeds biomass, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2020 at Sugarcane Development Research and Training Institute of Khuzestan, Iran. The five irrigation systems included surface drip irrigation (I0), two types of subsurface drip irrigation with a discharge rate of 2.3 and 3.6 L/h and emitter spacing of 50 and 60 cm (I1 and I2 respectively), Low Energy Precision Application (LEPA) sprinkler irrigation (I3), and the conventional furrow irrigation method (I4) as the main plot, and weed treatments included no weed control throughout the season, (W0), weed control throughout the season (W1), and use of cultivator (W2). The highest and lowest mean cane yield (167 and 117 ton/ha, respectively) and sugar yield (18.24, 12.40 ton/ha, respectively) were observed in I3 and I4 irrigations, respectively. Mean cane and sugar yield in W0 were significantly lower than W1 and W2 treatments (with a difference of 18.34% and 18.78% for cane yield and 17.84% and 18.85% for sugar yield, respectively). Qualitative traits including Brix, syrup sucrose percentage and syrup purity percentage were not affected by irrigation systems and weed control treatments. The total dry matter of weeds for I0, I1, I2, I3 and I4 Irrigation treatments were 90, 78, 47, 43 and 173 g/m2 under W0 treatment and 30, 23, 16, 15 and 40 g/m2 under W2 treatment, respectively. In the condition of the study area, results indicated that adoption of LEPA sprinkler or subsurface drip irrigation system together with the use of cultivator in the first ratoon leads to irrigation water saving and reduces weeds competition in sugarcane fields.
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Farzin Parchami-Araghi; Fariborz Abbasi; Keramat Akhavan
Abstract
In this study, the seasonal applied water and physical and economic water productivity of soybean were evaluated through monitoring 37 farmers’ fields (with furrow/border irrigation systems) in Moghan Plain, Ardabil Province, Iran, during the 2020-21 growing season. The net soybean water requirement ...
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In this study, the seasonal applied water and physical and economic water productivity of soybean were evaluated through monitoring 37 farmers’ fields (with furrow/border irrigation systems) in Moghan Plain, Ardabil Province, Iran, during the 2020-21 growing season. The net soybean water requirement during that growing season and its 10-year mean value ranged from 431-691 mm and 442-671 mm with a mean of 542 and 543 mm, respectively. The mean seasonal total applied water (irrigation + effective precipitation) and the grain yield were 6554 m3 ha-1 and 2.90 ton ha-1, ranging from 5005-10009 m3 ha-1 and 2.05-4.12 ton ha-1, respectively. The mean seasonal total applied water for spring soybean (7906 m3 ha-1) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than its corresponding value for summer soybean (6390 m3 ha-1). Total water productivity (WPI+Pe) and economic water productivity (WP$) ranged from 0.18 to 0.30 kg m-3 and 15.21 ´ 103 to 62.40 ´ 103 Rials m-3 with a mean of 0.24 kg m-3 and 33.19 ´ 103 Rials m-3, respectively. In most of the studied farms (70% of total cases), the grain yield was higher than the minimum expected threshold for irrigated soybean (2.5 ton ha-1). The results indicated that reasonable levels of grain yield and water productivity indices can be achieved by applying five and three irrigations for spring and summer soybean, respectively. The mean water application efficiency over soybean growth stages in the studied fields ranged between 50-82%.
Amir Hossin Nazemi; Mohammad Amin Parandin; aliashraf sadraddini; Hooshang Ghamarnia
Abstract
Some experiments were performed around the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Islamabad-Gharb in order to determine The effect of surge irrigation on yield of water productivity(WP) and water use efficiency of maize in that area. The statistical design of the research was randomized ...
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Some experiments were performed around the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Islamabad-Gharb in order to determine The effect of surge irrigation on yield of water productivity(WP) and water use efficiency of maize in that area. The statistical design of the research was randomized complete block with 4 treatments in 3 replication, as a composite analysis in two years (2015 and 2016). The treatments were continuous irrigation method (c), surge irrigation method with 1 to 1 on and off flow ratio (S1-1), surge irrigation method with 1 to 2 on and off flow ratio (S1-2), surge irrigation method with 1 to 3 on and off flow ratio (S1-3). Corn variety SC704 was used for planting. The results showed that in 2015 and 2016, savings in the consumption of water compared to continuous irrigation was respectively, 10.8% and 10.4% in S1-1 treatment. 10.4% and 10.5% in S1-2 and (S1-3) treatment, respectively 11% and 10.5%. Combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that performance parameters had no significant difference between treatments during different years. The results indicated that the water productivity values for total yield and grain yield were higher in surge irrigation treatment than in the continuous irrigation. WP based on total corn ear weight was 0.69 kg/m3 and based on grain weight, it was 0.54 kg/m3. These values represent 0.07 and 0.06 kg/m3 higher WP compared to continuous irrigation. The average water use efficiency was 32.3% for continuous irrigation and it was 36% for surge irrigation which was 3.7% more than continuous irrigation. Generally, the results showed that surge irrigation with a cycle ratio of 1 to 2 was more suitable for irrigation.
aliashraf sadraddini; mohammadamin parandin; Amir hossin nazemi
Abstract
Some experiments were performed around the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Islamabad-Gharb city in order to determine the reaction of corn crop to deficit irrigation strategy and its effects on yield, yield components and water productivity (WP) under furrow irrigation. The research ...
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Some experiments were performed around the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Islamabad-Gharb city in order to determine the reaction of corn crop to deficit irrigation strategy and its effects on yield, yield components and water productivity (WP) under furrow irrigation. The research used randomized complete block design (as a composite analysis in two years (2015 and 2016)). The treatments included irrigation with 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% water requirement with three replications. The SC704 Variety was used for planting corn. To compare the treatments, the 7 parameters of the performance components were considered, using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the weight of corns in the first treatment was significantly superior to other treatments. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in total weight of ears, ears length, seeds number per row, number of ear rows, wood weight and the weight of 1000 corns between treatments of 100% and 75% water requirement. However, in all measured attributes, there were significant differences between the other two treatments and the first and second treatments. Regarding water productivity in terms of total weight and grain weight of ears, the 75% treatment was superior to other treatments and had significant differences with the other treatments. In the treatment with 75% water requirement, WP was 0.8 kg/m3 based on the total weight of the grains, and based on the seed weight, it was 0.62 kg/m3, which were, respectively, 17% and 13% higher than the full irrigation treatment. The results showed that the highest water productivity was observed with about 30% deficit irrigation. It is to be noted that deficit irrigation may increase salinity of the root zone.
Ali Ghadami Firouzabadi; m ch; seyed mohsen seyedan
Abstract
Optimal uses of water resources due to climate change and the recent drought conditions seem to be necessary. One of the most important and effective strategies is using the modern irrigation systems. Therefore, this experiment was conducted in Hamedan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research ...
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Optimal uses of water resources due to climate change and the recent drought conditions seem to be necessary. One of the most important and effective strategies is using the modern irrigation systems. Therefore, this experiment was conducted in Hamedan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in a split plot arrangement based on a completely randomized block design with three replications. Main plots were irrigation systems (Sprinkler, Tape, and Furrow) and sub plots included wheat genotypes (Alvand, Toos, and two lines C-81-4 and CD-5009). In spite of different amounts of water used in the studied irrigation systems, results showed that grain yield of the evaluated genotypes did not have significant differences in different irrigation systems, although the difference between grain yield in the tape and the furrow irrigation system was around 1000 kg/ha. Also, differences among the evaluated genotypes were not significant. Water productivity in the tape, sprinkler, and furrow irrigation (regardless of effective rainfall), was 1.6, 1.1 and 0.69 kg per unit of water consumption, respectively. Water productivity in tape irrigation increased about 132% and 45 percent compared to furrow and sprinkler irrigation. Economic evaluation, however, showed that sprinkler and tape irrigation systems had economic justification for all of the evaluated genotypes in comparison with furrow irrigation. Besides, sprinkler irrigation had economic preferences in comparison to tape irrigation.
a gh; m kh; p sh; h z
Abstract
In areas facing water shortage, increasing water productivity is the key to overcome the greatest challenge in the agricultural sector. The present field experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation water depths and salinity of magnetized and non-magnetized water on grain yield, biomass, ...
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In areas facing water shortage, increasing water productivity is the key to overcome the greatest challenge in the agricultural sector. The present field experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation water depths and salinity of magnetized and non-magnetized water on grain yield, biomass, height, protein, and oil content of soybean variety DPX. The experiment was performed as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Aliabad, Golestan province, in 2013. The treatments consisted of three levels of water volume (100%, 75% and 50% of soybean water requirement) and three salinity levels (0.7, 5, and 10 dS/m). The results showed that magnetized water caused irrigation water quality to be improved. Therefore, magnetization of irrigation water resulted in the highly significant increase in the grain yield, biomass, height, protein, and oil content of plant under water deficit and salinity stress treatments (p < 0.001). The average decrease of yield in water salinity of 5 dS/m was equal to 8.44 percent, and for water salinity of 10 dS/m was equal to 24.68 percent as compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the average decrease of yield in 75% irrigation level was equal to 30.68 percent, and for 50% irrigation level was equal to 44.40 percent as compared to the control treatment. In general, the highest grain yield was 5.5 tons per hectare for plants treated with magnetized water and provision of 100% crop water requirement.
a gh; h d; m kh; m s
Abstract
Limited water and energy resources in the world and the increasing demand for water and energy due to population growth and the development of human societies necessitate investigation of the water and energy consumption in irrigation systems. This study aimed to evaluate the water and energy consumption, ...
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Limited water and energy resources in the world and the increasing demand for water and energy due to population growth and the development of human societies necessitate investigation of the water and energy consumption in irrigation systems. This study aimed to evaluate the water and energy consumption, losses, and efficiency of diesel pumping stations and was conducted in Hamadan Province farms during the period 2009 to 2011. Nebraska Pumping Plant Performance Criteria was applied to compare the performance of irrigation pumping stations. The results showed that the total efficiency varied from 7.2% to 24.3 percent. The average of total efficiency and wasted energy of a diesel pump was calculated at about 14.7 percent and 4.84 liters per hour, respectively. The results showed that in many farms where sprinkler systems were used, the water applied was lower than crop water requirement. Average water use efficiency in alfalfa fields in the furrow and sprinkler systems was 1.7 and 2.7 kg/m3, respectively. The factors influencing decrease in energy efficiency were worn-out pump or motor, inappropriate implementation foundation for the pump engine, and inappropriate selection of engine for the pump.